Cultural
diversity is often referred to as a problem and cause conflict to lead to
murder and vandalism. In fact every religion teaches to love, cherish each
other, and uphold tolerance. In Islam,
based on Holy Quran Surah. Al-Hujurah 13: O men! Behold, We have created you all out of a male and a
female, and have made you into nations and tribes, so that you might come to
know one another. Verily, the noblest of you in the sight of God is the one who
is most deeply conscious of Him. Behold, God is all-knowing, all-aware. In the holy bible Matthew 22:39 “Love your neighbor as yourself”. In Hindu based on Holy Weda the concept is called Tri
Hita Karana: always devoted to Sang Hyang Widdhi (God), live in harmony
with the natural environment, and live in harmony with fellow human beings.
Living tolerant without seeing: race, religion etc. in relationship with
mankind Atharvaveda VII.52.1:
Samjnanam nah svebhih, Samjnanam aranebhih, Samjnanam asvina yunam, ihasmasu ni
‘acchalam. In Buddha, Digha Nikaya
I:3, Upali Sutta 16-17 and many other (Setiawan et al., 2014). From other
religion must be teaching about love and giving a tolerant even with other
people which have different religion. But in the fact, there’re so many
conflict happen that cause of diversity (prejudice) or religion quibble.
The history
has recorded many protracted conflicts, interethnic, interreligious, and
tribal. World conflicts that have occurred include: Palestine & Israel
conflict, Indonesia-Malaysia, China-Japan, North Korea-Republic of South Korea,
Pakistan and India. On the other hand, these conflicts have occurred in the
internal Indonesia: Sampit tragedy, conflict of Maluku, 1998 tragedy (ethnic
Chinese-local people). It is true, the conflict is not solely due to the
difference in ethnicity, religion, and race. However, in the above case is a
manifestation of how the philosophy of Diversity (Bhineka Tunggal Ika) is not
applied or have been betrayed.
Long
ago before Indonesia was established and becoming independent as a nation, Bhineka
Tunggal Ika has been applied and the Pancasila without a name has become
ideology, and implemented a massively started in Majapahid Empire. Indonesia's
diverse society composed of tribes, languages, and religions as well. Motto of Bhineka
Tunggal Ika shows the diversity characteristic of the Indonesian nation is
precisely because of that difference, then Indonesia is one, and one for
Indonesia (Mattulada, 1985). Principle of pluralism and multicultural inside
Unity in Diversity is described below:
Fig. 1. Concept of Bhineka Tunggal Ika
Education
to about the meaning and implementation of Bhineka Tunggal Ika is a mandatory.
With the concept of pluralism, the tolerance will remain intact. Dr. KH. Nuril Arifin,
MBA explained the concept of Bhineka Tunggak Ika is the initial concept of
birth of Pancasila that make Indonesia as a pluralistic country based on
Pancasila than as an Islamic state. Examples can be found is a conflict in the
Middle East, the Middle East as a Muslim-majority country and the ideology
instead prolonged conflict. Why does this happen? Because he considered the
concept of pluralism is a concept that is not quite right so that when
capitalist coming over by all the way to get in, then the conflict will occur
and the state could be destroyed because it is easily be played. Compared with
Indonesia with the principles of pluralism, Gus Nuril explain it will be very
difficult to break up Indonesia and physically attacked Indonesia because
Indonesia is the principle of Bhineka Tunggal Ika and Pancasila.
The
concept of peace and tolerance promoted by Bhineka Tunggal Ika is a reflection
of the concept of each religion so that it becomes a very powerful ideology.
Many tribes, races, religions coexist peacefully in Indonesia, it is proving Bhineka
Tunggal Ika is an ideal concept for Indonesia.
What if there is a conflict ???
The
resolution of the conflict based on the principle of Bhineka Tunggal Ika is
becoming so important, we can learn how Bhineka Tunggal Ika is looking at a
difference and plurality. Conflict resolutions based on Galtung (2000) Consist
of three steps: peacekeeping, peacemaking, and peacebuilding. Conflict
resolution of Bhineka Tunggal Ika is familial, the concept accommodates
pluralistic, consensus becomes effective ways to resolve conflict.
Reference:
Johan Galtung
and Carl G. Jacobsen. 2000. Searching for Peace: The Road to TRANSCEND. London:
Pluto Press.
Mattulada. 1985.
LATOA. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press
Setiawan, C. et al. 2014. Toleransi dan Perkauman:
Keberagaman dalam Perspektif Agama-Agama dn Etnis-Etnis. Perkumpulan
Lentera Timur.
Wilodati.
____. Kesadaran Masyarakat Majemuk dan Kebhineka Tunggal Ikaa-an Kebudayaan
di Indonesia. MKDU FPIPS UPI
This article is publish regarding the discussion before APUFY (Asia-Pacific Urban Youth Assembly) 2015 Jakarta on October, 17th-18th.
